Ceramic Gaopi

Ceramic Gaopi
Po is the "ceramic town", which is Dabu Gaobei earliest ceramics production, but also the surrounding towns of ceramic distribution center, and therefore, "porcelain", "white city".

Gaopi ceramic production as early as the Song Dynasty on the rise, and continued development, but also the effects of radiation with high ambient light Pei Tak, plains, Silver River, Zhou Rui and other places of ceramic production. Since reform and opening Gaobei ceramics gift of life, in the production, calcination, the color and other aspects of the use of advanced new technology and high-tech means, the quality, quantity, to further improve the level of technology, greater impact, sales broader , creating a good economic and social benefits. Gaopi ceramic long enjoyed a good reputation, renowned Chinese and foreign, in October 1986 the British Queen Elizabeth II's visit to China, the British reporter mission to Tai Chi Shan buy porcelain produced 45 "Liu Ting card" blue and white tableware and "Sailing brand "blue tea as souvenirs and gifts visit. Gaopi ceramic porcelain was also selected country ceremony and Beijing's Great Hall of the State Council with porcelain. Tai Po eggshell porcelain porcelains unique in Guangdong Province, known as the "Guangdong porcelain flower." At present, production porcelain, craft porcelain furnishings, architectural ceramics, industrial hygiene, porcelain, pottery, etc. 6 door products. Export-oriented ceramic products, exported to over 100 countries and regions and 29 provinces and cities. High Beizhen total ceramic enterprises 512, the annual output 2,480,000, the output value of 120 million yuan. Ceramic income accounted for 56.8% in total revenue of industrial and agricultural town. Porcelain Tai Pei is due to the high center of town, the overseas Chinese porcelain, porcelain Chi Shan, Tai Po, porcelain, etc. more than 10 state-owned porcelain factory located here.

Chinese ceramic industry key factor in sustainable development analysis

Where there is demand, where there is market. Ceramic production in order to meet the required raw materials, some ceramic materials resource-rich areas, have accelerated the exploitation of mineral resources. However, excessive exploitation of not only seriously damaged the ecological bad environment, but also to domestic mineral resources and energy shrinking.

With the increase in the ceramic production line, a huge production capacity is constantly devouring vast mineral resources and energy. Producing an example of Foshan, Foshan ceramic enterprises annual consumption of ceramic raw materials more than 40 million tons, with an average daily consumption of 120,000 tons.

China's energy consumption in 2011 reached a total of 3.48 billion tons of standard coal, an increase of 7.0% over the previous year. Click the growth rate, by 2050, China's total energy consumption will reach 6 billion tons of standard coal. According to the "BP World Energy Statistics 2005" The data show, according to the current rate of extraction, production and global oil reserves available for 40 years, 67 years of natural gas supply, coal can supply 164 years.

In fact, not only is the oil, gas, coal and other resources has depleted crisis, ceramic materials are also facing the same fate. With the expansion of production capacity, clay surge in demand for several times, clay was used in at least 200 million tons or more, many places have been depleted of clay, kaolin, black mud, rare earth and other ceramic resources are depleted.

Non-renewable resources, extent of damage to the environment, it is difficult through physical prices converted out of its magnitude of value, but the depletion of resources so that the ceramic industry in the future is full of crisis, for which the amount of domestic and foreign policy of limited mining frequently introduced, prices rose as the main theme, conservation and rational use of resources to develop new realization of China's ceramic industry has become a key to sustainable development.

Strictly rectify exploitation of mineral resources

Exploration and development for scientific and rational utilization and protection of mineral resources, mineral resources to further enhance the economic and social development support capabilities, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the recently developed "Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of mineral resources prospecting and exploitation" second five "plan" (hereinafter " Plan ") and officially issued.

"Planning" requirements together all corners of the entertainment city manager total control of mineral resources development and utilization, to encourage exploitation of the country, the region and the market demand for larger shortage of minerals, limiting exploitation of oversupply and severe damage to the ecological environment in mining, mineral exports on the advantages of limiting the production hedge.

"Planning" that "Twelve Five" Xinjiang should vigorously promote the integration of resources, the implementation of large-scale development, by 2015 the number of medium-sized mine average annual growth of 5% -6%. Further promote the integration of mining rights, coal mines from the existing 412 down to 200 or so. Increase in the number of metal mines. Among them, the coal mines, "plan" requirement new open pit coal-rich region smallest 2,000,000 tons more underground than 600,000 tons.

To this end, Xinjiang will develop oil, natural gas, coal and other resource-based products processing, deep processing enterprises. Construction of a number of major oil and gas production and processing bases and coal coal coal chemical industry base, develop a number of high value-added, high-tech, high market share of specialty minerals, and the formation of industrial advantages.

Mineral Resources as a very important non-renewable natural resources, but also the survival and development of human society indispensable material basis. It is an important source of information on people's lives, but it is extremely important social production, the Chinese government for the development and utilization of mineral resources has been very seriously.

Since 1986, "Mineral Resources Law" promulgated and implemented, China has conducted a number of mining order rectification, the number of mines from the 1990s to over 280,000 down to 112,500 in 2010, China's mineral resource integration achieved remarkable success, the structure has undergone profound changes in mineral development, resource utilization, production safety, raise the level of environmental protection, development and utilization system system formed.

In the field of ceramics, year by year due to capacity expansion, ceramic enterprises demand for ceramic raw materials is increasing, which also accelerated a lot of ceramic mineral resource-rich areas of mining pace. However, due to unauthorized mining, excessive exploitation is widespread, causing serious ecological damage in many places, mudslides, landslides and other natural disasters continue.

In order to protect the ecological environment and achieve sustainable development, in recent years, ceramic mineral development areas have introduced policies and regulations to crack down on undocumented prospecting and mining and other illegal activities, to prevent undocumented illegal mining, to further standardize the mineral market.

In Jiangxi Yichun, due to the local rich kaolin, pink quartz, limestone, granite, quartz sandstone, magnesian clay, talc, lithium feldspar ceramic raw materials, high security, Harvest, the surrounding cities to develop advanced ceramic industry in the background Under such Yichun ceramic materials mining industry have been greatly developed.

Yichun engaged in mining of raw materials and development of hundreds of companies around, but generally small scale, backward production technology and economic inefficiency. Meanwhile, some companies in the mining process opened indiscriminate abuse, resulting in a waste of resources and ecological balance. To this end, Yichun City, launched the investigation of undocumented mining, exploration project inspection, approval of mining rights in the inventory of the "Richard III" activities.

In addition, Yichun City in promoting the integration of mineral resources, but also pay close attention to clay, kaolin and other mineral resources integration.

Through the integration of mineral resources, not only to enhance the scale of production, and reduce the waste of resources, optimize resource allocation, so that after integration than the number of pre-integrated mining area reduced by 20%, and utilization of mineral resources increased by 10% or more, since the number of mine safety accidents and more than 10% decline in the number of casualties, and achieved good economic and social benefits for the ceramics industry Yichun City has laid a good foundation.

Guangdong Xinhui for the overhaul of the illegal exploitation of mineral resources and operating ceramic clay (including black mud, silica sand, ceramic sand, peat) and other illegal acts, Xinhui District has established a special ceramic clay special rectification action leading group, to rectify illegal mining , collective farmers lease land without authorization will be used for soil activity, ceramic clay processing and production and operation of illegal dumps, Wupaiwuzheng transportation and other illegal acts, punish good effect.

Can be sustained in harmony with nature, is mankind's most beautiful dreams. With each ceramic mineral development areas for mineral development and the strengthening of the regulation of consciousness, for the protection of mineral resources to achieve maximum utilization of mineral resources in a reasonable and has a direct role in promoting, but also for the ceramic industry has contributed to the achievement of sustainable development.

The Sound of Europe anti-dumping continued Chinese ceramics startling step

The European Commission issued a bulletin on the origin of Chinese ceramic kitchen cutlery anti-dumping investigation. Recently, this reporter from the Guangdong Foreign Economic and Trade Office of Fair Trade Bureau, Guangdong Province, exports to the EU ceramic kitchen utensils amount of $ 750,000 or more enterprises up to 133, involving enterprises located in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Meizhou, Dongguan, Zhanjiang , Yangjiang City, the main focus in the world, the companies involved in manufacturing ceramic kitchen cutlery concentration Chaozhou.Like the bracelet and then

Fair Trade Bureau of Guangdong Province, the person in charge said that the EU ceramics kitchen utensils initiated anti-dumping investigations, the EU is not difficult to think of 2012 on the production of ceramic building materials from China to make anti-dumping ruling, decided to levy a 73% tax rate generally punitive. This seriously affected China's exports of ceramic products.

Customs statistics show that in the case by the impact of Chinese exports to the EU in 2011 the number of tiles marked decline in the importance of building ceramics production base in Foshan, Guangdong province, the first 10 months of 2011, its exports fell 24.4 percent, exports amounted to about 1.6 billion U.S. dollars, down 20.1%. Some experts said that about 30% of enterprises are facing bankruptcy due to cost squeeze.

But in less than a year's time, following the architectural ceramics Ceramics again after the EU anti-dumping investigations and other countries object, the industry said that the development of Chinese ceramics will once again suffered a serious setback.

The Song of the companies involved in Guangdong ceramic chairman Lin Daofan right Nanfang Daily reporter said that, for the present, is difficult to judge the EU's anti-dumping investigation on whether the impact of ceramic enterprises, not a good estimate of the enterprises in the anti-dumping case in which the amount involved. In addition, the face of this EU originating in China's ceramic kitchen cutlery for anti-dumping investigations, Guangdong Province, the companies are also actively looking for countermeasures. "We will be without prejudice to the defense industry-wide appeal, and if it fails, then the Joint Appeals." Lin Daofan said.

In view of the EU's anti-dumping investigations for the Ceramics Industry, Guangdong Province, Lin Daofan said that as adhere to the high road, enterprises in the higher levels of management and technology, the development of a good foundation, and thus the EU's anti-dumping investigation on the enterprise impact is not great.

"We are actively developed in accordance with Chamber of Commerce Strategy on communication and coordination work, and prepare the company's financial data and a series of data to deal with the anti-dumping investigation. We obtain the anti-dumping investigations confident of victory." Lin Daofan said.

Guangdong Fair Trade Bureau data show that in 2012, Guangdong Province, suffered international trade friction cases 48, the Guangdong Province actively organized to deal with, in response to the EU's data card "two against one Paul" case, the EU anti-dumping footwear, Thailand tile anti-dumping case, the first Mexican to amoxicillin countervailing case, the EU anti-dumping investigations Tableware warning cases and achieved positive results.

Ceramics is zirconium oxychloride zirconium dioxide and downstream products, occupy a lot of market demand. Currently promising new functional ceramics is mainly made of zirconium dioxide composite, so the ceramic market trends affecting upstream zirconium dioxide and zirconium oxychloride market movements.

The appreciation Ru Kiln Point

Ru Kiln porcelain appreciation from the following several aspects, imitators may in one or several aspects of imitation, but to fully accomplish all aspects is almost impossible. So be sure to comprehensive analysis, are indispensable.

One, seeing:

1, type: Ru kiln-type is mainly imitation bronze ritual former mainly practical device less, there are some watch makers. As a kiln, and the Northern Song Dynasty ceramic art has reached a point of culmination, so-type must be stable, simple, generous, showing every detail of the atmosphere, regular. Corner upright God, there is the feeling of scenery, whenever there is people feel awkward shape and local, can not be classified on the first Ru kiln. Imitation by the hand after throwing techniques can not achieve the level at kiln artisans, they are often used to open the mold, with the grouting method to imitation, but because the mold is done in accordance with the finished product after glazing, so make vegetarian tire re-glazing, the details of some blurring or loss of all, the whole model is dull, heavy.

2, the glaze: Ru Kiln Celadon glaze mainly in days, about 65%, a little less heat, into a powder blue (cyan than the day a little), egg blue, pale blue (the color of light than the powder blue, a little more yellow), accounting for about 28%, partly due to this degree glass bottom, susceptible to corrosion, so the surface will generally look older, too little heat into the sky blue, green beans, green peas least, accounting for 7%, which in part because of vitrified high level, more resistant to corrosion, the surface glistening bright, look newer. If the recency and the colors do not match, there may not be Ru kiln.

3, the surface conditions: the surface normal eye can see brown eyes, Ru base, the formation of mainly brown eyes glaze bubbles floating, Peng crack formation of small cavities, the firing temperature is lower because Ru is generally believed that in 1250 degrees, and many experts regard as 1,300 degrees porcelain and pottery of the watershed, so Ru firing temperature, the surface should look a little loose, not so dense and bright brown eyes and a corresponding emergence of Ru base is Ru surface in the emergence of a phenomenon unique to any other porcelain, under any circumstances and will not appear the same traces of it and some white, some yellow, is something that can easily be removed by hand, sporadic Distribution of crystalline alkali-like substance.

4, the opening film situations: Ru Kiln general opening film, but does not rule out a handful opening film of the phenomenon. The opening film Ru porcelain mechanism different from the other, the other porcelain opening film is due to different tire with glaze shrink, causing the majority of the straight opening film, the surface was covered with mesh. Ru kiln opening film is due to the participation of the agate glaze end, because agate crystal separation, the surface appears opening film is irregular curve, although not strictly not through, but rarely through lines, giving a beauty, can not have opening film opened Suidiao feeling.

5, support burn situations: Ru kiln generally use applied over the glaze, branched nailing burning, supporting nail according to the size of the size of the severity of the artifacts to be, a large grain size of objects can even have the support of nails, moderate artifacts sesame branch nails, small objects like nails and even branched needle, a garden type. Ru tire is fragrant gray, but support the nails is white. If the irregular expenditure nails, and there are sticky sand situation, you can consider a Korean celadon. Mat burn and there is support in Quanzu have nailed excavation in kilns discovered tiles, handed down less. The nail is generally singular number, location relatively close to ring foot.

6, with a magnifying glass to see: in the glaze can be seen in a small number of bubbles, bubbles according to the thickness of tires of different sizes, small-type, tread on thin air bubbles must be small, less, or even none. -Type large tires naturally thicker, bubbles will be bigger, but definitely not big bubble vesicles exist, but a mess, even bubble connected. Around and taking a dip in the bubble, you will see the shining agate crystals emit light, but by very few, scattered, indistinct, more is not right.

Two hand touch:

1, is characterized Ru thin glaze, thin tires, so the same device type, Ru Kiln lighter than other kilns, started a take, if you feel the obvious sense than the impression to light, is right, if there is no difference or heavier, not a right.

2, hand touching the surface, seems to have painted grease after lubrication sense, does not appear by pushing astringent resistance in various corners around the corner, does not appear burr handle feeling.

3, the flat level, the curved bend, hand feels there will be no feeling of uneven or curve is not smooth feeling.

Third, the ears:

1, with the finger nails, gently percussion Ru kiln artifacts, on the one hand because the glaze thin tires thin relative to the thickness of the other artifacts with the same volume, the sound will sound. Guyun "as chime sound." But at the same time, because Ru kiln firing temperature is low, the surface of the vitrified porcelain low degree of aggravation loose, so the sound is a bit muffled. Not brittle hair. Here we must note that percussion parts, it must be in the position of the edge should produce fibrillation.

2, due to a variety of objects of different shapes, thickness distribution is different, listen to the sound, only the long-term studies, very experienced before use, generally is not a basis for identification.

Fourth, chemical analysis:

1, with the same in a region chinaware Ru, is not the same chemical composition, characterized Ru silicon low silica content is generally less than 70, fluctuation in the amount of fluctuation around 60 ± 3. Aluminum high, but aluminum oxide content of not more than 20, at 15 fluctuates around volume ± 3, calcium oxide content of not more than 20, at 15 fluctuates around volume ± 3, because Ru glaze for emulsifying effect parameters into the ash, phosphorus pentoxide, there is about 1, iron oxide about 1 to 2.5. These five indicators must match. There is an out of range, it is worth considering. This is the surface using fluorescence spectroscopy instruments measured data, if thermoluminescence method, in the past called "abortion", need to use a powder measure objects, now have no injury pyroelectric detection technology that can detect errors 50 years can also be used as a secondary reference index....